Makar Sankranti is a Hindu festival celebrated in various parts of India to mark the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Makara (Capricorn). It usually celebrates on January 14th or 15th, marking the end of the winter and the beginning of summers. The festival is known by different names in different states, such as Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Uttarayan in Gujarat, Maghi in Punjab, and various other regional names.
Ancient and Scientific Reasons:
Astronomical Significance: Makar Sankranti is based on the solar calendar, and its celebration signifies the sun’s movement northwards, entering the northern hemisphere. This transition is considered auspicious and symbolizes the end of winter and the onset of warmer days.
Harvest Festival: In many regions, Makar Sankranti is also celebrated as a harvest festival. The new agricultural season begins, and farmers express gratitude for a successful harvest.
Spiritual Significance: The festival has spiritual connotations, symbolizing the shift towards longer, brighter days. It is also associated with the idea of enlightenment and the victory of light over darkness.
Different State Celebrations:
Uttar Pradesh: Known as Uttarayan, it is celebrated with grandeur in the city of Varanasi, where devotees take holy dips in the Ganges and offer prayers.
Gujarat: The state is famous for its International Kite Festival during Makar Sankranti. People engage in kite flying competitions, and the sky is filled with colorful kites.
Tamil Nadu: Pongal, a four-day harvest festival, is celebrated with traditional rituals like cooking the Pongal dish, decorated cattle processions, and traditional dance.
Punjab: Maghi is celebrated with bonfires, singing traditional folk songs, and participating in activities like wrestling matches known as Kila Raipur Sports Festival.
Karnataka: Known as Sankranthi, the festival involves the preparation of a special dish called Ellu Bella and the exchange of sugarcane and sesame seeds.
Maharashtra: In Maharashtra, people exchange tilgul (sweets made of sesame seeds and jaggery) and greet each other with the words “Tilgul ghya, god god bola” meaning “Accept this tilgul and speak sweet words.”
Makar Sankranti is a diverse festival celebrated across India, highlighting regional customs and traditions while uniting people in the joy of the changing season and the hope for a prosperous year ahead.